AS Film Studies
Thursday, 24 January 2013
Tuesday, 27 November 2012
Tuesday, 13 November 2012
Wednesday, 7 November 2012
Tuesday, 6 November 2012
How The Film Industry Works
1) A
producer has overall control on every aspect of a film’s production. They are
in charge of acquiring/securing the rights to the film and for bringing key
members of the creative team together, such as the director. They deal with
finance and the distribution companies and are responsible for the film’s
overall success.
2)
Directors are responsible for visualizing the script and making the idea become
a reality; they work closely with the producer and are the creative aspect of
filmmaking.
3) It is
important to have a name director as it can help to find money in order to
develop the script and attract a good writer. It can also be a good selling
point for the producer to later on attract financial backing.
4) Agents
make their living by acting on behalf of their clients to get the best deal in
return for their time and skills and then taking a percentage cut.
5) A
production company can offer money in order to develop the script in return for
the right of the film. Due to their early involvement, they can insist on a
large percentage of future profits and usually work on a number of films at one
time.
6) A
distributor will take the development money in exchange for the rights of the
film so that it can be distributed to cinema owners (exhibitors), rental
companies and broadcasters. Money from a distributor shows the idea is
marketable.
7) A film
trailer is important because it helps to promote the film; it sells the key
elements of the film to the right audience and showcases the value of the film.
8) A
sales package contains the key information (cast and crew, target audiences and
a synopsis of the film) and is important as these are needed to sell the film
to distributors and compete against other films.
9) A
‘buzz’ is anything positive surrounding the film, such as excitement or
anticipation, and is important as it creates publicity for the film.
10) The
Dark Knight Rises created ‘buzz’ and anticipation/excitement through several
film trailers and posters viewed by the audience online, on television and in
cinemas.
11) Above
the line marketing is the most direct way to reach an audience; it involves
trailers, poster campaigns and TV spots.
12) New
marketing models are important as they allow the distributors to only target
people who are most relevant to their marketing objectives. Internet marketing
is an example of a new marketing model; the film can be marketed in a
cost-efficient way, rather than wasting money on a nationwide advertisement
that could be ignored by lots of people.
13)
Package selling involves the distribution company offering a package to cinema
owners in order to get as many of their films seen as possible. (If they hold
the rights to this summer’s blockbuster, they can use it as a bargaining tool
to get exhibitors to take some of the less commercial films). This could help
“indie” films as they can be included in the package and therefore shown in the
cinema but could also hinder them as smaller distribution companies could
struggle to get their films seen.
15) DVD
sales are still important to the film industry because they can still find
their audiences after the initial release of the film and make a good profit.
Wednesday, 17 October 2012
Expand Your Mind
This
article discusses the way in which woman are presented in horror films and
notes how they are no longer always portrayed as the weaker sex that rely
on men to be saved but actually as the person who fights/defeats the main antagonist
and is able to protect and do what they need to in order to survive. The
article goes on to discuss the concept of the “final girl” character in horror
films, a term coined by Carol J Clover who was a feminist film theorist/critic. “A final girl character is the last
surviving female in the horror film who manages to kill the murderer on her own
or at least manages to escape successfully and hence, lives to tell the story.”
This type of character can also have something in common or share history
with the antagonist and are not sexualised like other female characters in
horror films but usually virgin like and not seen in particularly “girly”
clothes. According to the article, horror films can suggest, due to the
structure of promiscuous girls usually being killed first, that “engaging in sex would constitute death”.
Final girls are usually intelligent and carry a lack of sexual urges, Laura
Mulvey (another feminist film critic) believes, because these traits “desexualise”
women which is needed in order to make them appear equal to men and able to
defend themselves independently.
The
article also touches upon women sometimes being used as the main antagonist in
horror films (For instance, Carrie) and how that helped women to be seen as equal to men. For
example, Carrie was portrayed as powerful and full of rage therefore the
audience view her as strong. However, the article later on poses that horror
film could be suggesting that, in order for a female to be viewed as strong and
to gain power against “aggressors”, they have to act like men and they have to
be “pure”, hence why so many of these final girl characters are virgins.
Although the example of Sidney Prescott in Scream is highlighted, she loses her
virginity in the first film yet still acts as the final girl character in the
whole series which suggests that being pure and virgin like is no longer as vital
for the final girl. This would be referred to as a “reform final girl character”
– it does not stick to the traditional stereotype but allows the final girl to “need
not be masculine… they could embrace their femininity and yet have access to power
at the same time”.
However,
the article also uses examples such as Nancy Thompson from the Nightmare on Elm
Street series that suggest no change in women being looked as vulnerable in
horror films. Nancy Thompson was the final girl character for a portion of the
series but was eventually killed off whilst Alice Hardy, the final girl
in the Friday the 13th series, “descended into insanity” which
suggests that, in reality, women are still presented as the weaker, less able
sex in horror films as they eventually submit to the antagonist or the memories
left behind by the antagonist.
I think
this article is interesting because I've found that vulnerable female
characters with sexual connotations, despite the final girl character being
used often in horror films, are what people generally associate with women in
horror films and that, even if there is a final girl character present, there
is a female included that is made to look promiscuous in order to appeal to the
idea of the male gaze and also is usually not very intelligent and unable to
defend herself. I like the idea of the final girl as I think it portrays females
in a positive light however I do think it is right to evolve some traits of the
final character, such as the virginity one, to show that women can still behave
in a feminine manner and have power and be viewed as equal to men.
Phallic
appropriation: "Carol J. Clover argues women become masculinized in
horror films through "phallic appropriation", e.g taking up a weapon
such as a knife or a chainsaw against the killer.
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